Miso is a fermented condiment especially popular in parts of Asia, though it has also made its way to the Western world.Although miso is still unknown to many, individuals who are familiar with it have most likely consumed it in the form of Japanese miso soup.
It’s incredibly nutritious and linked to a variety of health benefits, including better digestion and a stronger immune system.
This traditional Japanese condiment consists of a thick paste made from soybeans that have been fermented with salt and a koji starter.
The starter usually contains the Aspergillus oryzae fungus.
Miso paste can be used to make sauces, spreads and soup stock, or to pickle vegetables and meat.
People generally describe its flavour as a combination of salty and umami (savory), and its colour can vary between white, yellow, red or brown, depending on variety.
Although miso is traditionally made from soybeans, certain varieties use other types of beans or peas.
Other ingredients may also be used to make it, including rice, barley, rye, buckwheat and hemp seeds, all of which affect the colour and flavor of the final product.
SUMMARY:Miso is a paste made from fermented soybeans often mixed with other ingredients. It’s a versatile condiment available in many varieties.
Miso contains a good amount of vitamins, minerals and beneficial plant compounds. One ounce (28 grams) generally provides you with (1):
- Calories: 56
- Carbs: 7 grams
- Fat: 2 grams
- Protein: 3 grams
- Sodium: 43% of the RDI
- Manganese: 12% of the RDI
- Vitamin K: 10% of the RDI
- Copper: 6% of the RDI
- Zinc: 5% of the RDI
It also contains smaller amounts of B vitamins, calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium and phosphorus, and is a source of choline (1, 2).
Interestingly, the varieties made from soybeans are considered to be sources of complete protein because they contain all the essential amino acids needed for human health (1).
Moreover, the fermentation process used to produce miso makes it easier for the body to absorb the nutrients it contains (3Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).
The fermentation process also promotes the growth of probiotics, beneficial bacteria that provide a wide array of health benefits. A. oryzae is the main probiotic strain found in miso (5Trusted Source, 6Trusted Source, 7Trusted Source).
That said, miso is also very salty. Thus, if you’re watching your salt intake, you may want to ask your health care practitioner before adding large quantities to your diet.
SUMMARY:Miso is a complete source of protein and rich in a variety of nutrients and beneficial plant compounds. However, it is also high in salt.
Miso improves your digestion
Your gut is home to trillions of bacteria.
Some are beneficial, while others are harmful. Having the right type of bacteria in your gut helps you maintain a healthy gut flora.
Having a healthy gut flora is very important because it helps defend your body against toxins and harmful bacteria. It also improves digestion and reduces gas, constipation and antibiotic-related diarrhea or bloating (6Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source).
A. oryzae is the main probiotic strain found in miso. Research shows that the probiotics in this condiment may help reduce symptoms linked to digestive problems including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (10).
In addition, the fermentation process also helps improve digestion by reducing the amount of antinutrients in soybeans.
Antinutrients are compounds naturally found in foods, including in the soybeans and grains used to produce miso. If you consume antinutrients, they can bind to nutrients in your gut, reducing your body’s ability to absorb them.
Fermentation reduces antinutrient levels in miso and other fermented products, which helps improve digestion (3Trusted Source).
SUMMARY:Miso fermentation helps improve the body’s ability to digest and absorb foods. The condiment also contains probiotics that can promote gut health and digestion.
May Reduce the Risk of Certain Cancers
Miso may offer protection from certain types of cancer.
The first may be stomach cancer. Observational studies have repeatedly found a link between high-salt diets and stomach cancer (11Trusted Source, 12Trusted Source).
However, despite its high salt content, miso doesn’t appear to increase the risk of stomach cancer the way other high-salt foods do.
For instance, one study compared miso to salt-containing foods such as salted fish, processed meats and pickled foods.
The fish, meat and pickled foods were linked to a 24–27% higher risk of stomach cancer, whereas miso wasn’t linked to any increased risk (12Trusted Source).
Experts believe this may be due to beneficial compounds found in soy, which potentially counter the cancer-promoting effects of salt (12Trusted Source, 13Trusted Source, 14Trusted Source).
Animal studies also report that eating miso may reduce the risk of lung, colon, stomach and breast cancers. This seems especially true for varieties that are fermented for 180 days or longer (15Trusted Source, 16Trusted Source, 17Trusted Source, 18Trusted Source).
Miso fermentation can last anywhere from a few weeks to as long as three years. Generally speaking, longer fermentation times produce darker, stronger-tasting miso.
In humans, studies report that regular miso consumption may reduce the risk of liver and breast cancer by 50–54%. The breast-cancer protection appears especially beneficial for postmenopausal women (19Trusted Source, 20Trusted Source, 21Trusted Source).
This condiment is also rich in antioxidants, which may help guard your body’s cells against damage from free radicals, a type of cell damage linked to cancer (22Trusted Source).
Nevertheless, more studies are needed before strong conclusions can be made.
SUMMARY:Regular miso consumption may reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. However, more research is needed.
It may strengthen your immune system
Miso contains nutrients that may help your immune system function optimally.
For instance, the probiotics in miso may help strengthen your gut flora, in turn boosting immunity and reducing the growth of harmful bacteria (6Trusted Source, 7Trusted Source).
Moreover, a probiotic-rich diet may help reduce your risk of being sick and help you recover faster from infections, such as the common cold (23Trusted Source, 24Trusted Source).
In addition, regularly consuming probiotic-rich foods like miso may reduce the need for infection-fighting antibiotics by up to 33% (25Trusted Source).
That said, different probiotic strains can have different effects on your health. More studies are needed using miso-specific strains before strong conclusions can be made.
SUMMARY:Miso’s rich probiotic content may boost your immune system and help ward off infections. That said, more studies are needed before strong conclusions can be made.
This Japanese condiment may offer an array of other health benefits:
- May promote heart health: Miso soup may reduce the risk of death from heart disease. However, the protective effects appear to be small and may be specific to Japanese women (26Trusted Source).
- May reduce cholesterol levels: Animal studies show that miso may help reduce levels of “bad” LDL cholesterol in the blood (27, 28).
- May reduce blood pressure: Miso appears to reduce blood pressure in animals. However, results in humans remain divided (15Trusted Source, 29Trusted Source).
- May protect against type 2 diabetes: Some studies show that fermented soy products such as miso may help delay the progression of type 2 diabetes. However, not all studies agree (30Trusted Source, 31Trusted Source).
- May promote brain health: Probiotic-rich foods such as miso may benefit brain health by helping improve memory and reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, depression, autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (32Trusted Source, 33Trusted Source, 34Trusted Source).
Although these added benefits are encouraging, it’s good to note that few studies directly link regular miso to the above benefits. More research is needed.
SUMMARY:Miso consumption is indirectly linked to an array of additional health benefits. However, more miso-specific studies are needed.
Miso consumption is generally safe for most people.
However, it does contain a large amount of salt. Thus, it may not be a good choice for individuals who need to limit their salt intake due to a medical condition.
Finally, most varieties are made from soybeans, which could be considered a goitrogen.
Goitrogens are compounds that may interfere with the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, especially in those who already have poor thyroid function.
That said, when goitrogen-containing foods are cooked and consumed in moderation, they are likely safe for all individuals — even those with thyroid problems (35Trusted Source).
SUMMARY:Miso is considered safe for most people. Individuals on low-salt diets or blood thinners, or who have poorly functioning thyroid glands, may want to limit their intake.
How to shop for miso and how to use it
In Europe or North America, you can find miso in most Asian grocery stores, as well as some conventional grocery stores.
When you’re shopping for miso, consider that color can be a good indicator of taste. That is, darker colors are generally linked with a stronger, saltier taste.
Moreover, it isn’t too difficult to make at home. It only requires a few ingredients and some patience. If you want to try it, you can start with this simple recipe (video).
Miso is extremely versatile and can be used in a variety of ways. For instance, you can use it to flavor a broth, marinade or casserole.
You can also blend it with ingredients such as peanut butter, tofu, lemon or apple juice to make dipping sauces or spreads. When combined with oil and vinegar, it yields a simple and tasty salad dressing.
Miso may be best used in cold rather than hot dishes, since its probiotics can be killed by high temperatures. That said, some heat-killed probiotic strains may still provide some benefits, so this topic remains controversial (36Trusted Source, 37Trusted Source).
Unopened miso paste can be kept at room temperature for long periods of time.
However, once you’ve opened it, make sure to store it in the refrigerator in a closed container and ideally consume it within a year of purchase.
SUMMARY:Miso is an extremely versatile ingredient found in most Asian supermarkets. The tips above can help you add it to your diet.
Miso is a nutrient-rich, versatile condiment definitely worth keeping on hand.
The fermentation process used to produce it may be especially beneficial, potentially boosting digestion, aiding the immune system and helping fight disease.
If you’re planning to give miso a try, just keep in mind that its flavor can be strong and quite salty. A small amount can go a long way.
Source:
Written by Alina Petre, MS, RD (NL) on June 17, 2017, Healthline
